Apart from John Dewey, no American educational reformer has been asinternationally successful and influential as Helen Parkhurst, the founder ofDalton education. In the 1920s and 1930s, Dalton education was spreadthroughout the world. At the moment the Netherlands is the country withthe highest density of Dalton schools. Almost four hundred elementaryschools (five percent of all) are Dalton schools.This historical and theoretical study gives an account of the practice and thetheory of the Dalton Plan. Next it discusses the background and context ofthe Dalton Plan. It also compares the Dalton Plan to other critical andinnovative approaches to education.Helen Parkhurst was herself not keen on historical and theoretical exercises.This study shows that historical and theoretical research is interestingnonetheless. It demonstrates the distinctiveness of Dalton education, forinstance: *that learning by experience is not the same as learning by doingand that experience doesn’t have the same role for Parkhurst as it does forother reformers; *that there are important differences between working withassignments in the Dalton Plan and working with materials in theMontessori Method; *that the Dalton Plan holds efficiency as its mainobjective, whilst at the same time opposing the efficiency-hype seen at thebeginning of the twentieth century; *that the meaning of cooperation in theDalton Plan is not the same as what we usually mean by this; *thatParkhurst's school as a community distinguishes itself from Dewey's schoolas a community; and *that freedom in the Dalton Plan is something otherthan freedom of choice.
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