CONTENTSForeword THE POINT. QUANTIZING SPACE AND TIME On complementary space BIRTH OF THE UNIVERSE STATES AND INTERSTATESEXPANSION SCENARIOA MODEL OF THE POINT IN SPACE THE EMERGENCE OF PHOTONSThe energy and mass carried by a photon On the mass of photonsThe emission and absorbtion of photons by atomsOn the electrical charge of photonsON EINSTEIN'S SECOND PRINCIPLE THE EMERGENCE OF MATTER IN THE FORM OF SUBSTANCE. QUARKS AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLESMASS, MATTER AND ANTI-MATTERTHE MOVEMENT OF A PARTICLE THE PRIMARY INTERACTIONTHE GRAVITATIONAL FIELDTHE GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO BODIESThe case of two field sources that consist of matter The case of two field sources that consist of anti-matterThe case of two field sources, of which one consists of matter and the other consists of anti-matter THE UNIFORM MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE. THE ASSOCIATED WAVE MASS IN THE UNIVERSE THE BLACK MASS THE UNIVERSE AND THE ANTI-UNIVERSE. THE GREAT SEPARATIONPossible explanation for the Great Separation between the universe and the anti-universe SPATIAL DIMENSIONS THAT ARE HIDDEN INSIDE OF A POINTTHE CURVATURE OF THE HYPER-SPHERE PRIVILEGED FRAMES OF REFERENCE IN THE n-DIMENSIONALTHE DIMENSION GAMETHE MUSIC OF THE SPHERESPOINTS AND INTERACTIONSTHE ELECTRIC CHARGE. THE ELECTRIC FIELDThe polarization of space quantaThe electric charge and its quantizationTHE ELECTRIC FIELDThe case of a single source of electric fieldThe interaction between two electric charges THE INTENSITY OF THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD. THE LAW OF GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION THE INTENSITY OF ELECTRIC FIELDS. COULOMB'S LAWTHE MAGNETIC FIELDTHE LORENTZ FORCEON NUCLEAR FORCESON WEAK FORCESTHE REFRACTION OF LIGHT THE SPACE CURVATURE THAT A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD GENERATESTHE BLACK HOLETHE STRUCTURE OF A BLACK HOLE THE REFLECTION OF LIGHTThe case of incident rays coming from a thinner space The case of incident rays in a denser spaceEXITING THE ABSURDHUMANS, THE RESPONSIBLE BEINGSUNPUBLISHED ARTICLESTIME AND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL UNIVERSE BETWEEN THE POSITIVISM AND THE ONEIRICTHE POINT. QUANTIZING SPACE AND TIMEPhysical space, with everything that is contained in it, forms the Universe. It is a material space, unlike mathematical spaces.Any space consists of points.The point is the basic brick out of which the entire universe is made. All structures that exist in space consist of points.In a geometric space points are undefined and no dimension is associated with them; they are infinitely small. To form a segment of a given size an infinite number of points is needed.No matter how small an infinitesimal element dx might be, it consists of an infinite number of points.In a continuous mathematical space, no physical properties are associated with a point. All points are identical.The dimensionless point cannot be represented graphically nor visualized mentally. It is infinitesimally small, it vaporizes into nonexistence, through an absolute zoom. We'll never encounter it, we'll never locate it. We might as well say it doesn't exist.In mathematics such points form a space which is continuous, infinite and boundless.Fallacy:How can we form objects of size (length, area, volume) out of dimensionless points? An infinite number of non-dimensions cannot generate dimensions. One cannot form segments, areas or volumes by endlessly melding dimensionless points together.Or, to put it otherwise:No combination of dimensionless things can result in anything with a dimension.We are forced to assign a dimension to the point, a radius, however small.The point thus becomes a quantum of space; its diameter represents the smallest possible infinitesimal element.Continuous space becomes quantized space. Physical space, the void that fills the entire Universe, consists of indivisible grains, material points.Segments consist of a finite number of points. Therefore, a segment can not be divided indefinitely, but only up to a point
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